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The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) was created under unexpected circumstances. The intention was felt to 'regulate the issue of bank notes and the custody of reserves with a view to securing monetary stability'. However, in the year 1929, the world had been hit by an striking economic crisis the 'Great Depression'. The monetary systems of the world were in confusion. There was no certain kind of monetary system was in existence in India. There fore it was decided to place a 'temporary provision' and that temporary provision was the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934 ('the Act'). The India’s Central Bank established on 1st April 1935 under RBI Act 1934.
The RBI’s main objectives in 1934:
  • to keep the reserves
  • An static law and
  • to issue bank notes        
Under the Act there were innumerable of amendments, extensive powers were negotiated on the Reserve Bank. The word 'Independent' does not exists in the Act but, over the years, the principle of Central Bank sovereign has been raised to the level of an permanent law. According to the provisions of Section 7 of the Act, the central government can give such directions to the RBI as it may consider necessary in the interest of public, but such power has never been exercised in 83 years of the Act. There was been times when the central government and RBI did not see eye-to-eye. In a very closed economy and with little reserves, the RBI was known more as a banking regulator and fisted controller of foreign exchange than as an issuer of bank notes.

History of RBI
  • 1950-1960: In the 1950's the Indian Government, under its first Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, Developed a centrally planned economic policy that focused on the agricultural sector.
  • 1960-1969: The RBI was requested to establish and monitor a deposit insurance system. It should restore the trust in the national bank system and was initialized on 7th December 1961.
 Present Functions of RBI
  • Issue of currency
  • Development role
  • Banker to bank
  • Banker to government
  • Inflation control
  • Formulate monetary policy
  • Manager of foreign reserve
  • Clearing of house functions
  • Regulations of banking system
Structure of RBI
The Organisation and Management of RBI is Vested on the Central Board of Directors. It is responsible for the management of RBI. Central board of RBI Consists of 20 members. It is constituted as follow
a) One Governor
b) Four Deputy Governors
c) Fifteen Directors
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By Questioning his role in demonetisation, the Public Accounts Committee (PAC), headed by KV Thomas (Congress leader) has asked Urjit Patel  (RBI Governor) a series of 10 questions about demonetisation and has asked him to appear before January 28. Demonetisation was announced on 8th November, 2016 and since then, the RBI has changed several rules for exchange, depositing and withdrawal of currency. The Opposition had deride the government in the Winter Session of Parliament because of persistent change of rules and regulations.


In the first people were allowed to take out only INR 2,000 notes from ATMS, then it was increased to INR 2,500 and has now been further increased to INR 4,500. According to ‘National Media’ Urjit Patel has asked, ‘Why have there been so many flip-flops in RBI regulations over the past two months..? Please give us the name of the RBI officer who came up with the idea to ink people for withdrawal…? Who drafted the notification on marriage related withdrawal…? If it was not the RBI that drafted these but the government, is the RBI now a department of Ministry of Finance..?  The PAC has also demanded to know the precise reason behind the decision of demonetisation of INR 500 and INR 1,000 notes. It has also asked if the RBI agreed to the minister Piyush Goel's statement that the decision of demonetisation of RBI's and the government merely implemented it.  And why the RBI declined to disclose the information under the RTI, citing fatuous reasons such as fear of personal injury..? Why is the RBI not providing information under RTI to queries that come..?  RBI Governor was asked according National Media. 
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pc: facebook
Reserve Bank of India Governor Raghuram Rajan will not continue at the central bank after his present term expires on September 4, 2016.

“I will be returning to academia when my term as Governor ends on September 4, 2016,” Mr. Rajan said in a note to RBI staffers.

The RBI has put out the note on its website.

Meanwhile, Finance Minister Arun Jaitley has said that the government appreciates the good work done by Mr. Rajan and respects his decision to return to academia when the term ends.

Mr. Jaitley also said that a decision on successor of Mr. Rajan would be announced shortly.

“I am confident my successor will take us to new heights with your help. I will still be working with you for the next couple of months, but let me thank all of you in the RBI family in advance for your dedicated work and unflinching support. It has been a fantastic journey together!” Mr. Rajan says in the note.

The former chief economist of the IMF joined the central bank as Governor in 2013 and he was handed a three year term.

BJP MP Subramanian Swamy wrote a letter to Prime Minister Narendra Modi last month urging not to extend Mr. Rajan's tenure.

Here is the full text of Mr.Rajan's message that was posted on the RBI site:

Dear Colleagues,

I took office in September 2013 as the 23rd Governor of the Reserve Bank of India. At that time, the currency was plunging daily, inflation was high, and growth was weak. India was then deemed one of the “Fragile Five”. In my opening statement as Governor, I laid out an agenda for action that I had discussed with you, including a new monetary framework that focused on bringing inflation down, raising of Foreign Currency Non-Resident (B) deposits to bolster our foreign exchange reserves, transparent licensing of new universal and niche banks by committees of unimpeachable integrity, creating new institutions such as the Bharat Bill Payment System and the Trade Receivables Exchange, expanding payments to all via mobile phones, and developing a large loan data base to better map and resolve the extent of system-wide distress. By implementing these measures, I said we would “build a bridge to the future, over the stormy waves produced by global financial markets”.

Today, I feel proud that we at the Reserve Bank have delivered on all these proposals. A new inflation-focused framework is in place that has helped halve inflation and allowed savers to earn positive real interest rates on deposits after a long time. We have also been able to cut interest rates by 150 basis points after raising them initially. This has reduced the nominal interest rate the government has to pay even while lengthening maturities it can issue – the government has been able to issue a 40 year bond for the first time. Finally, the currency stabilized after our actions, and our foreign exchange reserves are at a record high, even after we have fully provided for the outflow of foreign currency deposits we secured in 2013. Today, we are the fastest growing large economy in the world, having long exited the ranks of the Fragile Five.

We have done far more than was laid out in that initial statement, including helping the government reform the process of appointing Public Sector Bank management through the creation of the Bank Board Bureau (based on the recommendation of the RBI-appointed Nayak Committee), creating a whole set of new structures to allow banks to recover payments from failing projects, and forcing timely bank recognition of their unacknowledged bad debts and provisioning under the Asset Quality Review (AQR). We have worked on an enabling framework for National Payments Corporation of India to roll out the Universal Payment Interface, which will soon revolutionize mobile to mobile payments in the country. Internally, the RBI has gone through a restructuring and streamlining, designed and driven by our own senior staff. We are strengthening the specialization and skills of our employees so that they are second to none in the world. In everything we have done, we have been guided by the eminent public citizens on our Board such as Padma Vibhushan Dr. Anil Kakodkar, former Chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission and Padma Bhushan and Magsaysay award winner Ela Bhatt of the Self Employed Women’s Association. The integrity and capability of our people, and the transparency of our actions, is unparalleled, and I am proud to be a part of such a fine organization.

I am an academic and I have always made it clear that my ultimate home is in the realm of ideas. The approaching end of my three year term, and of my leave at the University of Chicago, was therefore a good time to reflect on how much we had accomplished. While all of what we laid out on that first day is done, two subsequent developments are yet to be completed. Inflation is in the target zone, but the monetary policy committee that will set policy has yet to be formed. Moreover, the bank clean up initiated under the Asset Quality Review, having already brought more credibility to bank balance sheets, is still ongoing. International developments also pose some risks in the short term.

While I was open to seeing these developments through, on due reflection, and after consultation with the government, I want to share with you that I will be returning to academia when my term as Governor ends on September 4, 2016. I will, of course, always be available to serve my country when needed.

Colleagues, we have worked with the government over the last three years to create a platform of macroeconomic and institutional stability. I am sure the work we have done will enable us to ride out imminent sources of market volatility like the threat of Brexit. We have made adequate preparations for the repayment of Foreign Currency Non-Resident (B) deposits and their outflow, managed properly, should largely be a non-event. Morale at the Bank is high because of your accomplishments. I am sure the reforms the government is undertaking, together with what will be done by you and other regulators, will build on this platform and reflect in greater job growth and prosperity for our people in the years to come. I am confident my successor will take us to new heights with your help. I will still be working with you for the next couple of months, but let me thank all of you in the RBI family in advance for your dedicated work and unflinching support. It has been a fantastic journey together!

With gratitude

Yours sincerely

Raghuram G. Rajan

Source@m.thehindu.com
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India is poised for a 'leap in production' and the government's Rhetoric on infrastructure creation is bearing results said by RBI governor Raghuram Rajan. Rajan said i think we are right for change, the government focus on improving logistics network, on infrastructure creation, some of the private sector companies like Snapdeal, Flipkart are creating a change in warehousing, logistics. Rajan was in a conversation with Singapore deputy prime minister Tharman Shanmugaratnam and Business Standard chairman TN Ninan at the CII organised Singapore Symposium 2016. Rajan said for first time in India's history the country is close to power sufficiency. I know the commentary on the fact that some demand is not being expressed. But we are close to sufficiency and given that we are using only 60 to 65 percent of the available capacity there is room for power production. 
Rajan said India could be on a verge of a revolution provided businesses are allowed to find their own way. That not planning too much the path that one has to go through, but instead create the kind of infrastructure the kind of business environment which will allow them to go where they desire to go.


(Also read about India recalls Hazrat Mahal’s contribution to freedom struggle-Click here )
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AP CM Chandrababu Naidu on has called Governor E S L Narasimhan at the Raj Bhavan. the discussion is on latest developments in Andhra Pradesh and the ongoing Budget session of the state Legislature. Besides, Narsimhan and Chandra Babu also discussed the recent verdict of the Supreme Court on the division of assets related to Higher Education Council between AP and Telangana, sources said. The Apex Court's verdict has come as a boon to AP in the backdrop of the tussle between the two states over apportionment of assets as per the AP Reorganisation Act, 2014. This judgement would help AP get its rightful share in other assets related to the erstwhile united state that were to be divided between the successor states, they added.